ETH -is a platform for smart contracts, you are seeing defi being executed at scale right now on it and other projects being developed with that idea in mind.
BTC- anti inflationary store of value, can be used for transactions but the fees and speed of transactions are becoming increasingly more prohibitive for this
XRP- primarily aimed at cross border transfers to augment or replace SWIFT by offering near instant settlements at a fraction of the price of current system. Think banks and money transfer companies like MoneyGram.
LTC- I believe the mantra is still to be the coin of everyday transactions but this is probably the one I know least about and doesn’t really get as much attention as it used to.