Explain to me like I'm five. What caused all that to happen in the first place?
1st off, the basement is made of cinder blocks. One of the worst basement types in areas with expansive soils. Ask anybody in Prairie Village, Ks that has owned a house built in the 60's with cinder block walls. They have all had some type of repair done to them over the years.
2nd, and probably most important based upon the walls being cinder block, look at the 3rd picture in the original post. See where the bush at the corner of the house looks like it is in a low spot. That low spot looks like it wraps around that corner from the front porch all the way around to that basement window where the land falls off to the back of the house. Anytime it rains, all the run-off from that area and the downspouts coming off the roof, drains around that corner right up next to the basement walls. This water soaks into the ground next to the basement further down than just the surface causing it to expand and contract as it get wet and dries out. That soil movement plays hell on any type of basement wall, especially cinder block. If the slope of the land just 3 feet from the foundation out was sloped downward so that run-off stayed at least 3 feet from the basement wall, this repair work probably wouldn't have had to be done.