Sometimes both, like if I was quoting a question. For example:
Tortuga's really making the most of summer break. Staying up all night, doing important things like asking me "does period go inside or outside?". That's the Summer of Tortuga.
This is a textbook example. As in, it should be used in some sort of textbook it is so good.
In or out actually depends on what style you are writing. If you are using the AP stylebook you must have the punctuation inside the quotes. MLA allows the punctuation to be moved outside of the quotes. Most people unintentionally attempt MLA style. Obviously journalists or people who went to J school use AP style.
The better question, which remains a mystery to me..."why in the hell are there multiple writing style guides?".....
If that is a better question and remains a mystery to you, then you are being dumb or are in fact a dumb person.
I'll reserve the right to determine what remains a mystery to me.
Multiple writing style guides? Mysterious
Belief in a higher power? No mystery, we're all just worm food in the end.
Why Miami never contacted Frank? Mysterious
People addicted to eating corn starch? WTF, a mystery
Tortuga's intellectual capacity? Not a mystery, obviously a shallow genetic pool