Here's the thing that your chart doesn't address....it doesn't articulate that the premise of increasing tax rates for the wealthy is NOT to increase overall tax yield. Instead, it is to offset the tax rate of the poor. It's a trade off.
Attacking disparate tax rates with this kind of argument is useless, and completely misses the point. It isn't even about the dreaded "redistribution of wealth."
You either believe in the "social contract," or you don't. I respect the flat tax folks, because their argument is based on equity, and dispenses with all the voodoo bullcrap.