I don't have a good grasp on the physicality of a nuke. Can you strap one to an inmate's back, and if so, could they run with that on them?
They were developed by both sides in the 60's. There was a large mortar-type round that required a special tube to launch, and the backpack types that required a small squad to carry several components individually. Both were very small yields - a small fraction, maybe 10% or less, of Hiroshima/Nagasaki - meant more for behind the front infrastructure and C3 disruption.
The actual nuke fuel would degrade very rapidly, making the weapon a dirty bomb with not much explosive destruction. But very, very expensive to maintain the nuke components.
Modern explosives are far less hassle and more concealable; stand-off weapons are more versatile.