I started to type a longer response, but I'll just say that I think the proximate cause for our shitty educational system can be traced ultimately to bad parenting. It is true that as early as middle school (or even earlier in some cases), students who exhibit high aptitude and motivation are earmarked for success and put on a track different from their peers. We could argue about whether or not this is a good practice, but that's another discussion. By the time you get to high school, most teachers will reward you with an 'A' merely for exhibiting a desire to pay attention and do your work. They reward those students with high grades for making their jobs less soul-sucking. The reality is that the majority of students have no motivation to learn at school and are merely there because it is required. By the time you get to high school, it's too late. Habits and attitudes regarding school are developed much earlier than that. The best first grade teacher in the world cannot be effective if those habits and attitudes are undermined at home. There is certainly room for improvement on the institutional level, but how do you fix shitty parenting? Abortion tax credits?