interesting. I've never seen anything quite like that.
Anyways, Associated Insulation in Manhattan could test it for you. As far as I know in Kansas so long as you are the homeowner, you need not have it professionally remediated.
Depending on how old the house is (and based on that stuff I'm guessing pre-1978) there is also trace amounts of asbestos in any drywall taping mud as well (2-3%). Now, since it has been encapsulated by paint, the risk is less. If you are vigilant about being careful during removal, and use a sprayer to wet down the material as you go, you won't see a significant health risk IMHO. This is assuming you are doing something small like remodeling a bathroom. Put up plastic, keep negative pressure by putting a fan in a window, go to work.