I just read the first few pages if this and realized the finance 450 should be a requirement to graduate. These are simple life skills that all people should know.
Use your money in this order. If you have more, move to the next. Its pretty easy.
401k to the match and no more
Max out Roth IRA
If you get a Stock discount option use it
Speculative investing
If you are actually using info in this thread then only invest in index funds. If you think you can do better than approx 8% annually, speculate with stocks. Never speculate with stocks $ you can't afford to lose bec you can. That's all you need to know.
Retire in early 50s regardless of your income level.